Intrinsic muscles of the foot

Introduction

The plantar region of the foot is arranged into four layers of muscles which are separated from each other by deep fascial septae and the plantar fascia. From superficial to deep, the layers are numbered 1 to 4.

• Layer 1
• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Adductor digiti minimi

• Layer 2
• Quadratus plantae
• Lumbricals

• Layer 3
• Flexor hallucis brevi
• Adductor hallucis
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis

• Layer 4
• Dorsal interossei
• Plantar interossei